Mercury & Mercury Thimerosal are Causes of Autism
I Tests have documented that most autistic children were mercury
toxic at the time the tests were done. (2006)
There is considerable circumstantial evidence that mercury was the most
significant factor in the huge increase in autism incidence.
An IRB approved study assessing urinary levels
of porphyrins found an apparent dose-response effect between
autism severity and increased urinary coproporphyrins (1,91). For
patients with non-chelated autism (83% had levels > 2 SD
above the control mean) and for children with non-chelated autism
spectrum disorders (58% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean),
but for patients with non-chelated pervasive developmental delay-not
otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or Asperger's disorder (46%
had levels > 2 SD above the control mean). Each group of ASDs had significantly
increased median coproporphyrin levels versus controls. among A
significant increase (1.7-fold) in median coproporphyrin levels was
observed non-chelated ASD patients
versus chelated ASD patients.
Mercury toxicity was found to be associated with
elevations in urinary coproporphyrin (cP), pentacarboxyporphyrin (5cxP), and precoproporphyrin (prcP)
(also known as keto-isocoproporphyrin) levels.
Two cohorts of autistic patients in the United
States and France each had urine porphyrin levels
associated with mercury toxicity. Exposure to mercury from
thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased risk of
neurodevelopmental problems in infants (2)
(1) Autistics
Clinically Proven Mercury Poisoned; Porphyrin patterns
indicative of clinical mercury toxicity, while neurotypical children
and their neurotypical sibling controls did not.
Press Release: Contact:s: CoMeD Director
WASHINGTON, DC, Recent peer-reviewed scientific/medical studies by Nataf et al. (2006) and
by Geier and Geier (2006) leave little doubt that many
children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are indeed mercury poisoned.
These studies utilized urinary porphyrin profile analysis (UPPA) to assess
body-burden and physiological effects of mercury in autistics. Today, any
parent, physician, or healthcare provider can easily confirm whether a
non-chelated autistic is mercury poisoned by having UPPA testing run at
Laboratory Corporation of America(LabCorp)
(CLIA-certified, Test#120980) or Laboratoire Philippe Auguste (ISO-certified,
Urine Porphyrin Profile).
(2)As thimerosal was removed
from childhood vaccines, the number of neurodevelopmental disorders decreased
in the US. June 2006,
& (b Exposure to mercury from
thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased risk of
neurodevelopmental problems in infants from 1992-199) 7. Apr 2005; &(c) Rates of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation,
infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities were higher in children exposed to
higher thimerosal levels
(3) Thimerosal Exposure and the Role
of Sulfation Chemistry and Thiol Availability in Autism, Janet K. Kern,1,* Boyd E. Haley,2 David A. Geier,1 Lisa K. Sykes,3 Paul G. King,3 and Mark R. Geier1. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013
Aug; 10(8): 3771–3800. Published online 2013 Aug 20. doi: 10.3390/ijerph1008377 [The purpose of the present critical review
is provide mechanistic insight regarding how limited thiol availability,
abnormal sulfation chemistry, and decreased GSH reserve capacity in children
with an ASD could make them more susceptible to the toxic effects of TM
routinely administered as part of mandated childhood immunization schedules.]
[This review found 91
studies that examine the potential relationship between mercury and ASD from
1999 to February 2016. Of these studies, the vast majority (74%) suggest that
mercury is a risk factor for ASD, revealing both direct and indirect effects. The
preponderance of the evidence indicates that mercury exposure is causal and/or
contributory in ASD.]
(5)The Relationship Between the Level of Copper, Lead,
Mercury and Autism Disorders: A Meta-Analysis,
Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics,
Sept 2020
,
Conclusion: There
is a significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism. Thus,
the concentration of mercury can be listed as a pathogenic cause
(disease-causing) for autism.
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II. Altered porphyrins by
mercury exposure is another mechanism that mercury has been shown to cause
problems and symptoms seen in autism (3). Mercury has been well documented to
cause neurological, mood
and behavioral problems for children and others(4,5, etc.) Mercury also has
additive and synergistic effects
with other toxic metals and toxins so lower exposure levels of each can produce
significant damage (6). Susceptibility factors also reduce some people�s ability to detoxify mercury and other toxins,
making some more affected by toxic exposures.
(3) A prospective study of
mercury toxicity biomarkers in autistic spectrum
disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007
Oct;70(20):1723-30; & Altered urinary porphyrins and mercury exposure as
biomarkers for autism severity in Egyptian children with autism spectrum; &
Khaled EM, Mequid NA, et al; Metab Brain Dis. 2016
Dec;31(6):1419-1426;
(4) Mercury and autism:
accelerating evidence? Mutter J, Naumann J, et al; Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005
Oct;26(5):439-46; & Increased Release of Mercury from Dental
Amalgam Fillings due to Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields as a
Possible Mechanism for the High Rates of Autism in the Offspring: Introducing a
Hypothesis. Mortazavi G, Haghani M, et
al; J Biomed Phys Eng. 2016 Mar 1;6(1):41-6.
(5) Mercury and
autism, www.myflcv.com/hgopiod.html & www.myflcv.com/kidshg.html;
& http://myflcv.com/autismhg.html;
B. Windham, Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Toxic
Metals, (over 150 medical study references) www.flcv.com/tmlbn.html; &
(b) Prenatal and neonatal effects of mercury on infants, http://www.myflcv.com/fetaln.html
The Institute for Chronic
Illnesses, Silver
Spring, MD 20905, USA. x
Autism was recently
associated with a urinary porphyrin pattern indicative of mercury
toxicity in a large cohort of French children. The IRB of the Institute for
Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 37 consecutive
American patients (> or = 7 years-old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-DSM IV),
born from 1983-1998, that presented to the Genetic Centers of America for
outpatient genetic evaluations were prospectively examined for urinary prophryin levels (LabCorp, Inc.) from June 2005-June
2006. Imaging and laboratory testing were conducted on each patient to rule-out
other causal factors for their ASDs. As controls, age-, sex-, and
race-matched neurotypical ASD siblings were examined. An
apparent dose-response effect was observed between autism severity and
increased urinary coproporphyrins. Patients with non-chelatedautism (2.25-fold, 83% had levels > 2 SD
above the control mean) and non-chelated ASDs (2-fold, 58% had levels
> 2 SD above the control mean), but not patients with
non-chelated pervasive developmental delay-not otherwise specified
(PDD-NOS) or Asperger'sdisorder (1.4-fold,
46% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean), had significantly increased
median coproporphyrin levels versus controls. A significant
increase (1.7-fold) in median coproporphyrin levels was observed
among non-chelated ASD patients
versus chelated ASD patients. Porphyrins should be
routinely clinically measured in ASDs, and potential ASD treatments
should consider monitoring porphyrin levels. Additional research
should be conducted to evaluate the potential role for mercury exposure in
some ASDs.
Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Porphyrins are
derivatives formed in the heme synthesis pathway
and porphyrins afford a measure of xenobiotic exposure. The
steps in the heme pathway most vulnerable to heavy metal inhibition
are uroporphyrin decarboxylase (UROD)
and coproporphyrinogen oxidase(CPOX)
reactions. Mercury toxicity was associated with elevations in
urinary coproporphyrin (cP), pentacarboxyporphyrin(5cxP), and precoproporphyrin (prcP) (also known as keto-isocoproporphyrin)
levels. Two cohorts of autistic patients in the United States and France had
urine porphyrin levels associated with mercury toxicity. A
prospective study of urinary porphyrin testing
at LabCorp (United States) and the Laboratoire Philippe Auguste (France)
involving 71 autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
patients, neurotypical sibling controls, and general population
controls was undertaken. ASD patients had significant elevations
in urinary levels of cP, 5cxP, and prcP relative to controls, and > 50%
of ASD patients had urinary cP levels
more than 2 standard deviations above the mean values
for neurotypical sibling controls. Significant reductions in
urinary 5cxP and cP levels were observed
in ASD patients following chelation. A significant correlation
was found between urinary porphyrins measured
at LabCorp and those measured at the Laboratoire Philippe Auguste on
individual ASD patients. The established
developmental neurotoxicity attributed to mercury and
biochemical/genomic evidence for mercury susceptibility/toxicity
in ASDs indicates a causal role for mercury. Urinary porphyrin testing
is clinically available, relatively inexpensive, and
noninvasive. Porphyrins need to be routinely measured
in ASDs to establish if mercury toxicity is a causative factor and to
evaluate the effectiveness of chelation therapy.
(6) www.myflcv.com/suscept.html
*********************************************************
Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
(12) Impairments in social
relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotypic abnormal
movement patterns characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The
Institutional Review Board of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses (Office for
Human Research Protections, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, IRB number IRB00005375) approved the present study.
V. Rhogam: This study
evaluated the relationship between prenatal mercury exposure from thimerosal
containing Rho(D)-immune globulins and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A
group of 53 autistic patients were compared to a group of 926 non-autistic
children. Children with ASDswere significantly
more likely (odds ratio 2.35, p < 0.01) to have Rh-negative mothers than
controls (13,17).
(13) A prospective study of
thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk
factor for autistic disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR., J Matern Fetal
Neonatal Med. 2007 May;20(5):385-90 The Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the relationship between prenatal
mercury exposure from thimerosal (49.55% mercury by
weight)-containing Rho(D)-immune globulins (TCRs) and autism spectrum
disorders (ASDs). METHODS: The Institutional Review Board of the Institute for
Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 53 consecutive
non-Jewish Caucasian patients with ASDs (Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders, fourth ed. - DSM IV) born between 1987 and 2001 who
presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient
genetic/developmental evaluations were prospectively collected from June
1, 2005 through March 31, 2006. Imaging and
laboratory testing were conducted on each patient to rule out other causal
factors for their ASDs. As race-matched controls, the frequency
of Rh negativity was determined from 926 non-Jewish Caucasian
pregnant women who had presented for outpatient prenatal genetics care
to the Genetic Centers of America between 1980 and 1989. RESULTS:
Children with ASDs (28.30%) were significantly more
likely (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.17-4.52, p
< 0.01) to have Rh-negative mothers than controls (14.36%).
Each ASD patient's mother was determined to have been administered
a TCR during her pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The results provide insights
into the potential role prenatal mercury exposure may play in some children
with ASDs.
VI. Thimerosal (Merthiolate)
is an ethylmercury-containing pharmaceutical
compound that is 49.55% mercury and that was developed in 1927. Thimerosal has
been marketed as an antimicrobial agent in a range of products, including
topical antiseptic solutions and antiseptic ointments for treating cuts, nasal
sprays, eye solutions, vaginal spermicides, diaper rash treatments, and
perhaps most importantly as a preservative in vaccines and
other injectable biological products, including Rho(D)-immune
globulin preparations, despite evidence, dating to the early 1930s, indicating
Thimerosal to be potentially hazardous to humans and ineffective as an
antimicrobial agent. Despite this, Thimerosal was not scrutinized as part
of U.S. pharmaceutical products until the 1980s, when the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration finally recognized its demonstrated ineffectiveness and
toxicity in topical pharmaceutical products, and began
to eliminate it from these. Ironically, while Thimerosal was being eliminated
from topicals, it was becoming more and more ubiquitous in the recommended
immunization schedule for infants and pregnant women. Furthermore, Thimerosal
continues to be administered, as part of mandated immunizations and other
pharmaceutical products, in the United States and globally. The
ubiquitous and largely unchecked place of Thimerosal in pharmaceuticals,
therefore, represents a medical crisis (14,15,16).
The brain pathology
in autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
indicates marked and ongoing inflammatory reactivity with concomitant neuronal
damage. These findings are suggestive of neuronal insult as a
result of external factors, rather than some type of developmental
mishap. Various xenobiotics have
been suggested as possible causes of this pathology. In a recent review, the
top ten environmental compounds suspected of causing autism and learning
disabilities were listed and they included: lead, methyl-mercury,polychorinated biphenyls, organophosphate
pesticides, organochlorine
pesticides, endocrine
disruptors, automotive exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated
diphenyl ethers, and perfluorinated compounds. This current review,
however, will focus specifically on mercury exposure and ASD by
conducting a comprehensive literature search of original studies in humans that
examine the potential relationship between mercury and ASD, categorizing,
summarizing, and discussing the published research that addresses this topic.
This review found 91 studies that examine the potential relationship between
mercury and ASD from 1999 to February 2016. Of these studies, the vast majority
(74%) suggest that mercury is a risk factor for ASD, revealing both direct and
indirect effects. The preponderance of the evidence indicates that mercury
exposure is causal and/or contributory in ASD.
(14) A review of Thimerosal
(Merthiolate) and its ethylmercury breakdown
product: specific historical considerations regarding safety and
effectiveness. Geier DA, Sykes
LK, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ
Health B Crit Rev. 2007 Dec;10(8):575-96. The Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
(15)
The relationship between mercury and autism: A comprehensive review and
discussion, Janet K.KernabcDavid A.GeieracLisa K.SykescBoyd E.HaleydMark R.Geierac; Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology Volume 37, September
2016, Pages 8-24
(16) As thimerosal was removed
from childhood vaccines, the number of neurodevelopmental disorders decreased
in the US. June 2006,
& (b Exposure to mercury from
thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased risk of
neurodevelopmental problems in infants from 1992-199) 7. Apr 2005; &(c) Rates of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation,
infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities were higher in children exposed to
higher thimerosal levels
(17)
Neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal Rh-negativity, and Rho(D) immune
globulins: a multi-center assessment.
Geier DA, et al. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many
formulations of Thimerosal (49.55% mercury by weight)-containing Rho(D) immune
globulins (TCRs) were routinely administered to Rh-negative mothers in the US
prior to 2002.
OBJECTIVES: It
was hypothesized: (1) if prenatal Rho(D)-immune globulin preparation exposure
was a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) then more children
with NDs would have Rh-negative mothers compared to controls; and (2) if
Thimerosal in the Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations was the ingredient
associated with NDs, following the removal of Thimerosal from all manufactured
Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations from 2002 in the US the frequency of
maternal Rh-negativity among children with NDs should be similar to control
populations.
METHODS: Maternal
Rh-negativity was assessed at two sites (Clinic A-Lynchburg, VA; Clinic
B-Rockville and Baltimore, MD) among 298 Caucasian children with NDs and known
Rh-status. As controls, maternal Rh-negativity frequency was determined from
124 Caucasian children (born 1987-2001) without NDs at Clinic A, and the
Rh-negativity frequency was determined from 1,021 Caucasian pregnant mothers
that presented for prenatal genetic care at Clinic B (1980-1989). Additionally,
22 Caucasian patients with NDs born from 2002 onwards (Clinics A and B) were
assessed for maternal Rh-negativity.
RESULTS: There
were significant and comparable increases in maternal Rh-negativity among
children with NDs (Clinic: A=24.2%), autism spectrum disorders (Clinic:
A=28.3%, B=25.3%), and
attention-deficit-disorder/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (Clinic:
A=26.3%) observed at both clinics in comparison to both control groups (Clinic:
A=12.1%, B=13.9%) employed. Children with NDs born post-2001 had a maternal
Rh-negativity frequency (13.6%) similar to controls.
CONCLUSION: This
study associates TCR exposure with some NDs in children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18404135/
#Rhogam #Autism #ADD #Thimerosal #Mercury #Neurodevelopmental
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
***************************************
VII. Neurological disorders
caused by TC Vax exposures.
Two groups of children were
compared using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for
neurodevelopment disorders (NDs), one receiving thimerosal containing vaccines
(TCV) and the other similar non-thimerosal containing vaccines. Significantly
increased risks of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality
disorders, thinking abnormalities, ataxia, and NDs were associated
with TCV exposure().
A meta-analysis
epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following
vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United
States. Geier DA, Geier MR. Neuro Endocrinol Lett.
2006 Aug;27(4):401-13
The Institute for Chronic
Illnesses, Inc., Silver
Spring, MD 20905, USA. mgeier@comcast.net
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is
an ethylmercury-containing compound (49.6%
mercury by weight) used as at the preservative level in vaccines (0.005% to
0.01%). METHODS: Statistical modeling in a meta-analysis epidemiological
assessment of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for neurodevelopment
disorders (NDs) reported following Diphtheria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis(DTP)
vaccines in comparison to
Diphtheria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis-Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
(DTPH) vaccines administered: 1994-1997 and following Thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP), in comparison to
Thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines (administered: 1997-2000), was
undertaken. RESULTS: Significantly increased adjusted (sex,
age, vaccine type, vaccine manufacturer) risks of autism, speech
disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, thinking abnormalities,
ataxia, and NDs in general, with minimal systematic error or
confounding, were associated with TCV exposure.CONCLUSION: It is clear from the
results of the present epidemiological study and other recently published data
associating mercury exposure with childhood NDs, additional ND research
should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures,
especially from Thimerosal-containing vaccines.
In the United States during
the 1990s, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and Haemophilus influenzae type
b (Hib) vaccines (maximally, 50 mug mercury per joint administration) and
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type
b (DTPH) vaccines (25 mug mercury per administration) were given to children in
the same childhood vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo, so that children receiving DTP and Hibvaccines may have maximally received an additional
100 mug more mercury exposure from TCVs than children administered
DTPH vaccines. A case-control epidemiological study
of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse
Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access version; updated 31
August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines in comparison DTPH
vaccines manufactured by Lederle Laboratories
from 1994 through 1998 was undertaken. Significantly increased odds ratios for
autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking
abnormalities reported to VAERS were found following DTP vaccines in comparison
to DTPH vaccines
An evaluation of the
effects of thimerosal on neurodevelopmental disorders reported
following DTP and Hib vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccine in
the United
States. Geier DA, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006 Aug;69(15):1481-95.
(1)An
evaluation of the effects of thimerosal
on neurodevelopmental disorders reported following DTP
and Hib vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccine in the United
States. Geier DA, Geier MR. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006 Aug;69(15):1481-95
(2)The
Genetic Centers of America, Silver
Spring, Maryland 20905, USA. mgeier@comcast.net
(3) Thimerosal is an ethylmercury (49.55% mercury by weight) preservative
historically added to some vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies showed
children in the United States received doses of mercury from
Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in excess of
safety guidelines. In the United States during the 1990s,
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and Haemophilus influenzae type
b (Hib) vaccines (maximally, 50 mug mercury per joint administration) and
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type
b (DTPH) vaccines (25 mug mercury per administration) were given to children in
the same childhood vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo, so that children receiving DTP
and Hib vaccines may have maximally received an additional 100 mug
more mercury exposure from TCVs than children administered DTPH
vaccines. A case-control epidemiological study
of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse
Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access version; updated 31
August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines in comparison DTPH
vaccines manufactured by Lederle Laboratories
(Pearl River, NY) from 1994 through 1998 was undertaken. Significantly
increased odds ratios for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation,
infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS were found
following DTP vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccines with minimal
bias or systematic error. Additional ND research should be undertaken in the
context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures, especially since in 2005
the Institute of Medicine issued a report calling into
question handling of vaccine safety data by the National Immunization Program
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A two phased
population-based epidemiological study was undertaken. Phase one evaluated
reported NDs to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
following thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines administered from 1997 through 2001.
Phase two evaluated the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for
cumulative exposures to mercury from TCVs at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-months-of-age
for infants born from 1992 through 1997 and the eventual risk of
developing NDs. RESULTS: Phase one showed significantly increased risks
for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, and
thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS following thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccines
in comparison to thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines. Phase two showed
significant associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the
following types of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit
disorder (ADD), language delay, speech delay,
and neurodevelopmental delays in general.
A two-phased population
epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a
follow-up analysis. Geier DA, GeierMR. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Apr;11(4):CR160-70. Epub 2005 Mar 24
A two-phased population
epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a
follow-up analysis.
Geier DA, Geier MR. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Apr;11(4):CR160-70. Epub 2005 Mar 24.
MedCon,
Inc., USA.
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is
an ethylmercury-containing preservative in
vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies have shown children received doses of
mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) that were in
excess of safety guidelines. Previously, an ecological study showing a
significant association
between TCVs and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) in
the US was published in this journal. MATERIAL/METHODS: A two phased
population-based epidemiological study was undertaken. Phase one evaluated
reported NDs to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
following thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines administered from 1997 through 2001.
Phase two evaluated the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for
cumulative exposures to mercury from TCVs at 1-, 2-, 3-, and
6-months-of-age for infants born from 1992 through 1997 and the eventual risk
of developing NDs. RESULTS: Phase one showed significantly
increased risks for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality
disorders, and thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS following
thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines. Phase two showed significant
associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the following types
of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit disorder
(ADD), language delay, speech delay, and neurodevelopmental delays in
general. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that exposure to mercury
from TCVs administered in the US was a consistent
significant risk factor for the development of NDs. It is clear from these
data and other recent publications
linking TCVs with NDs that additional ND research should be
undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures and
thimerosal-free vaccines should be made available.
*****************************************
Relative to the control children, the children with autism
had significantly lower baseline plasma concentrations
of methionine,
SAM, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, and
total glutathione
and significantly higher concentrations of SAH,
adenosine,
and oxidized glutathione. This metabolic profile is
consistent with
impaired capacity for methylation (significantly
lower ratio of SAM
to SAH) and increased oxidative stress (significantly
lower redox
ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione) in
children with
autism. The intervention trial was effective in normalizing the
metabolic imbalance in the autistic children.
Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and
impaired methylation capacity in children with autism S Jill James, Paul
Cutler, StepanMelnyk, Stefanie Jernigan, Laurette Janak, David W Gaylor, and
James A Neubrander. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1611�7.
Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and
impaired methylation capacity in children with autism1,2 S Jill James, Paul
Cutler, Stepan Melnyk, Stefanie Jernigan, Laurette Janak, David W Gaylor, and
James A Neubrander. Am J ClinNutr 2004;80:1611�7.
http://www.icdrc.org/pdf/MetabolicbiomarkersinAutisticChildren.pdf
ABSTRACT
Background: Autism is a
complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually presents in early
childhood and that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental
factors. Although abnormal metabolism
of methionine and homocysteine has been associated with
other neurologic diseases, these pathways have not been evaluated in
persons with autism.
Objective: The purpose of this study
was to evaluate plasma concentrations of metabolites in
the methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways
in children diagnosed with autism.
Design: Plasma concentrations of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH),
adenosine, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, and oxidized
and reduced glutathione were
measured in 20 children with autism and in 33 control
children. On the basis of the abnormal metabolic profile, a targeted
nutritional intervention trial with folinic acid, betaine,
and methylcobalamin was initiated
in a subset of the autistic children.
Results: Relative to the control children, the children
with autism had significantly lower baseline plasma concentrations
of methionine, SAM, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine,
and total glutathione
and significantly higher concentrations of SAH,
adenosine, and oxidized glutathione. This metabolic profile is consistent with
impaired capacity for methylation (significantly lower ratio ofSAMto SAH) and increased oxidative stress
(significantly lower redox ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized
glutathione) in children with
autism. The intervention trial was effective in normalizing the
metabolic imbalance in the autistic children.
Conclusions: An increased vulnerability
to oxidative stress and a decreased capacity for methylation may
contribute to the development and clinical manifestation of autism. AmJ Clin Nutr2004; 80:1611�7.
*************************************
(put in suscept and kidshg)
Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse
strain dependent. M Hornig, D Chian and W I Lipkin, Molecular
Psychiatry (2004) 9, 833�845.
These
findings demonstrated genetic influences on susceptibility to thimerosal
effects and that immune reactivity to thimerosal results in significant
neurological effects when exposed.
Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 9, 833�845.
doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001529 Published online 8 June 2004
Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse
strain dependent
M Hornig1,
D Chian1 and
W I Lipkin1,2
Abstract
The
developing brain is uniquely susceptible to the neurotoxic hazard posed
by mercurials. Host differences in maturation,
metabolism, nutrition, sex, and autoimmunity influence outcomes. How
population-based variability affects the safety of the ethylmercury-containing
vaccine preservative, thimerosal, is unknown. Reported increases in the
prevalence of autism, a highly heritable neuropsychiatric condition, are
intensifying public focus on environmental exposures such as thimerosal. Immune
profiles and family history in autism are frequently consistent with
autoimmunity. We hypothesized that autoimmune propensity influences outcomes in
mice following thimerosal challenges that mimic routine childhood
immunizations. Autoimmune disease-sensitive SJL/J mice
showed growth delay; reduced locomotion; exaggerated response to novelty; and
densely packed, hyperchromic hippocampal neurons with altered glutamate
receptors and transporters. Strains resistant to autoimmunity, C57BL/6J and
BALB/cJ, were not susceptible. These findings
implicate genetic influences and provide a model for investigating
thimerosal-related neurotoxicity.
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
Oxidative stress in
autism, Abha Chauhan and Ved Chauhana
, Pathophysiology, Volume 13, Issue 3, August
2006, Pages
171-181 x
Oxidative stress in autism, Abha Chauhan, a, and Ved Chauhana , Pathophysiology Volume
13, Issue 3, August 2006, Pages 171-181
Abstract
Acute Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following DTP Vaccination:
Report of a Fatal Case and Review of the Literature #Anemia #Death
#Autoimmunity #DTP #AIHA #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000992280104000610?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed
� Acute fulminant myocarditis after diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccination.
�We report an infant case of acute fulminant myocarditis which occurred after
administration of a diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccination. [�]
🛑 Estimating the extent of vaccine-derived poliovirus
infection. �Eight outbreaks of paralytic polio attributable to circulating
vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) have highlighted
the risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use in areas of low
vaccination coverage and poor hygiene.� �Although only
114 virologically-confirmed paralytic cases were identified in the
eight cVDPV outbreaks, it is likely [�]
Bacillus
Calmette-Gu�rin reactivation as a sign of
incomplete Kawasaki disease. �An early and specific clinical sign, not included
in the classical diagnosis criteria, but that can be very useful in the
diagnosis of KD, is the reaction at the Bacillus Calmette-Gu�rin (BCG)
inoculation site. We describe a case of a 4-month-old boy, fully immunised, whose [�]
Absence
of antibodies to HTLV-III in health workers after hepatitis B vaccination. �A
proportion of the plasma for the triply inactivated, plasma-derived hepatitis B
vaccine produced in the United States is obtained from homosexual men. Because
homosexual men are a high-risk group for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS), concern has emerged that the vaccine could [�]