Mercury & Mercury Thimerosal are Causes of Autism
I
Tests document that most autistic children are mercury toxic.
There is considerable circumstantial evidence that
mercury was the most significant factor
in the
huge increase in autism incidence.
An IRB approved study assessing urinary levels
of porphyrins found an apparent
dose-response effect between
autism severity and increased urinary coproporphyrins
(1,91). For
patients with non-chelated autism (83% had levels > 2 SD above the
control mean) and for children with non-chelated autism spectrum disorders
(58% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean), but for patients with
non-chelated pervasive developmental delay-not otherwise specified
(PDD-NOS) or Asperger's disorder (46% had levels > 2 SD above the
control mean). Each group of
ASDshad
significantly
increased median coproporphyrin levels versus controls. A significant
increase (1.7-fold) in median coproporphyrin levels was observed
among non-chelated ASD patients
versus chelated ASD patients. Mercury toxicity was
found to be associated with elevations in urinary coproporphyrin (
cP
),
pentacarboxyporphyrin
(5cxP),
and
precoproporphyrin
(
prcP
)
(also known as keto-
isocoproporphyrin
) levels.
Two cohorts of autistic patients in the United
States and France each had urine porphyrin levels
associated with mercury toxicity. Exposure to mercury from
thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased risk of
neurodevelopmental problems in infants (2)
(1)
Autistics
Clinically Proven Mercury Poisoned; Porphyrin patterns indicative of
clinical mercury toxicity, while neurotypical children and
their neurotypical sibling controls did not.
Press Release:
Contact:s
:
CoMeD
Director
WASHINGTON, DC, Recent peer-reviewed scientific/medical studies by
Nataf
et al. (2006) and by Geier and Geier (2006)
leave little doubt that many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are
indeed mercury poisoned. These studies utilized
urinary porphyrin profile analysis (UPPA) to assess body-burden and
physiological effects of mercury in autistics. Today, any parent, physician, or
healthcare provider can easily confirm whether a non-chelated autistic is
mercury poisoned by having UPPA testing run at Laboratory Corporation of
America(
LabCorp) (CLIA-certified, Test#120980) or
Laboratoire
Philippe Auguste (ISO-certified,
Urine Porphyrin Profile).
(2)
As thimerosal was removed
from childhood vaccines, the number of neurodevelopmental disorders decreased
in the US
. June 2006,
& (b
Exposure
to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased
risk of neurodevelopmental problems in infants from 1992-199
)
7.
Apr 2005; &(c)
Rates of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation,
infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities were higher in children exposed to
higher thimerosal levels
II.
Altered
porphyrins by mercury exposure is another mechanism that mercury has been shown
to cause problems and symptoms seen in autism (3). Mercury has been well
documented to cause
neurological
,
mood and behavioral
problems
for children and others(4,5, etc.) Mercury also has additive and
synergistic
effects
with other toxic metals and toxins so lower exposure levels of each can produce
significant damage (6).
Susceptibility factors
also reduce some
people�s
ability to detoxify mercury and other toxins,
making some more affected by toxic exposures.
(3) A prospective study of
mercury toxicity biomarkers in autistic spectrum disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR. J
Toxicol
Environ Health A. 2007
Oct;70(20):1723-30;
& Altered
urinary porphyrins and mercury exposure as biomarkers for autism severity in
Egyptian children with autism spectrum; & Khaled EM,
Mequid
NA, et al;
Metab
Brain Dis.
2016 Dec;31(6):1419-1426;
(4)
Mercury and autism:
accelerating evidence? Mutter J, Naumann J, et al;
Neuro Endocrinol Lett.
2005 Oct;26(5):439-46; & Increased
Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings due to Maternal Exposure
to Electromagnetic Fields as a Possible Mechanism for the High Rates of Autism
in the Offspring: Introducing a Hypothesis. Mortazavi G,
Haghani
M, et al;
J Biomed Phys Eng.
2016 Mar 1;6(1):41-6.
(5) Mercury and autism,
www.myflcv.com/hgopiod.html
&
www.myflcv.com/kidshg.html
; &
http://myflcv.com/autismhg.html
;
B. Windham, Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Toxic Metals, (over
150 medical study references)
www.flcv.com/tmlbn.html
; &
(b) Prenatal and neonatal effects of mercury on infants,
http://www.myflcv.com/fetaln.html
The Institute for Chronic Illnesses, Silver
Spring, MD 20905, USA. x
Autism was recently associated with a
urinary porphyrin pattern indicative of mercury toxicity in a large
cohort of French children. The IRB of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses
approved the present study. A total of 37 consecutive American patients (>
or = 7 years-old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-DSM IV), born from
1983-1998, that presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient
genetic evaluations were prospectively examined for urinary
prophryin
levels (LabCorp, Inc.) from June 2005-June
2006. Imaging and laboratory testing were conducted on each patient to rule-out
other causal factors for their ASDs. As controls, age-, sex-, and
race-matched neurotypical ASD siblings were examined. An
apparent
dose-response effect was observed between autism severity and
increased urinary coproporphyrins
. Patients with non-
chelatedautism
(2.25-fold, 83% had levels > 2 SD
above the control mean) and non-chelated ASDs (2-fold, 58% had levels
> 2 SD above the control mean), but not patients with non-chelated pervasive
developmental delay-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or
Asperger'sdisorder
(1.4-fold, 46% had levels > 2 SD
above the control mean), had significantly
increased
median coproporphyrin levels versus control
s. A significant
increase (1.7-fold) in median coproporphyrin levels was observed
among non-chelated ASD patients
versus chelated ASD patients. Porphyrins should be
routinely clinically measured in ASDs, and potential ASD treatments
should consider monitoring porphyrin levels. Additional research
should be conducted to evaluate the potential role for mercury exposure in
some ASDs.
Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Silver
Spring, Maryland, USA.
Porphyrins are derivatives formed in the heme synthesis
pathway and porphyrins afford a measure of xenobiotic exposure.
The steps in the heme pathway most vulnerable to heavy metal
inhibition are uroporphyrin decarboxylase (UROD)
and coproporphyrinogen
oxidase(
CPOX)
reactions.
Mercury toxicity was associated with elevations in
urinary coproporphyrin (
cP
),
pentacarboxyporphyrin
(5cxP), and
precoproporphyrin
(
prcP
)
(also known as keto-
isocoproporphyrin
)
levels.
Two cohorts of autistic patients in the United
States and France had urine porphyrin levels
associated with mercury toxicity
. A prospective study of
urinary porphyrin testing at LabCorp (United States) and
the
Laboratoire
Philippe Auguste (France)
involving 71 autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
patients, neurotypical sibling controls, and general population
controls was undertaken.
ASD patients had significant elevations
in urinary levels of
cP
, 5cxP, and
prcP
relative to controls, and > 50%
of ASD patients had urinary
cP
levels
more than 2 standard deviations above the mean values
for neurotypical sibling controls.
Significant reductions in
urinary 5cxP and
cP
levels were observed
in ASD patients following chelation. A significant correlation
was found between urinary porphyrins measured
at LabCorp and those measured at the
Laboratoire
Philippe Auguste on
individual ASD patients. The established developmental neurotoxicity attributed
to mercury and biochemical/genomic evidence for mercury susceptibility/toxicity
in ASDs indicates a
causal role for mercury
.
Urinary porphyrin testing is clinically available, relatively
inexpensive, and noninvasive. Porphyrins need to be routinely
measured in ASDs to establish if mercury toxicity is a causative
factor and to evaluate the effectiveness of chelation therapy.
(6) www.myflcv.com/suscept.html
*********************************************************
III.
Based on following up other
studies showing higher than normal androgen levels in most autistic patients,
this study found increased androgen levels in virtually
all
of
a group of autistics (7,9). Morning blood samples collected
following an overnight fast, compared to the pertinent reference means, showed
significantly increased relative mean levels for: serum testosterone (158%),
serum free testosterone (214%), percent free testosterone (121%), DHEA (192%),
and androstenedione (173%). A medical hypothesis has suggested that
some autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from interactions between
the methionine cycle-
transsulfuration
and
androgen pathways following exposure to mercury. A study following
treatment including chelation using DMSA and Lupron brought
significant improvement in most patients (8). Significant decreases in
blood androgens and increases in urinary heavy metal concentrations were
observed during the treatment.
(7) A Clinical and
Laboratory Evaluation of Methionine Cycle-
Transsulfuration
and
Androgen Pathway Markers in Children with Autistic Disorders, David
Geier,
Hormone
Research
66(4):182-8
February 2006
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is 1 in 300
children in the US. ASDs are characterized by impairments in social relatedness
and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movement patterns, and
sensory dysfunction. Pre-pubertal age children with ASDs were assessed for
metabolites in the methionine cycle-
transsulfuration
and
androgen pathways, and for present physical development/behaviors indicative
of
hyperandrogenicity
. The Institutional Review
Board of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses (Office for Human Research
Protections, US Department of
Health
and Human
Services IRB number: IRB00005375) approved the present study. Sixteen
consecutive pre-pubertal age children (</=11 years old; mean +/- SD: 5.9 +/-
2.1 years old) with previously diagnosed ASDs that presented to the Genetic
Centers of America for outpatient care were evaluated. Significantly (p <
0.01) increased levels of serum/plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and serum total
testosterone relative to the age- and sex-specific normal laboratory reference
ranges were observed. Conversely, serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels
were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased. Plasma-reduced glutathione (p <
0.01), plasma cysteine (p < 0.01), plasma methionine (p < 0.01), serum
cystathionine (p < 0.05), and serum homocysteine (p < 0.01) were all
significantly decreased. The results suggest a possible cyclical interaction
between the methionine cycle-
transsulfuration
and
androgen pathways in some children with ASDs.
(8) A clinical trial of combined anti-androgen and anti-heavy
metal therapy in autistic disorders.
Geier DA
,
Geier MR
. Neuro Endocrinol Lett.
2006 Dec;27(6):833-8
Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Silver
Spring, MD 20905, USA. (96a)
BACKGROUND: A medical hypothesis has suggested that some autism
spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from interactions between
the methionine cycle-
transsulfuration
and
androgen pathways following exposure to mercury. METHODS: The IRB of the
Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A novel treatment
was utilized combining LUPRON (leuprolide acetate, TAP Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.) and CHEMET (meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid--DMSA, McNeil Consumer
Products Company) on 11 consecutive children with ASDs. RESULTS: A
significant
(p<0.01) overall improvement
from the 70-79th percentile of
severity (median baseline score=87) at baseline to the 40-49th percentile of
severity (median end of study period score=63)
at the end of the study
was observed for patients treated for a median of approximately 4 months
.
Significant
improvements in sociability, cognitive awareness, behavior, and clinical
symptoms/behaviors of hyperandrogenemia were also observed
.
Significant
decreases in blood androgens and increases in urinary heavy metal concentrations
were observed
. Minimal drug adverse effects were found. CONCLUSION: This
study provides the first clinical evidence for the benefit that combined
anti-androgen and anti-heavy metal therapy may have on some children
with ASDs. Additional studies should examine androgen and heavy metal
mechanisms of action in ASDs, and future ASD treatment protocols
should consider androgens and heavy metals.
(9) A prospective assessment of androgen levels in
patients with autistic spectrum disorders: biochemical underpinnings and
suggested therapies.
Geier DA
,
Geier MR
. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007
Oct;28(5):565-73
Vice-President of the Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Silver
Spring, MD, USA.
Impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive
behaviors, abnormal movement patterns, and sensory dysfunction characterize
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventy consecutive patients with
an ASD diagnosis (DSM-IV criteria, >/= 6 years-old) who presented
to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient
genetic/developmental evaluations from 2005-2007 were examined. Patients were
evaluated using CLIA-approved Laboratory Cooperation of America (LabCorp)
testing for: serum testosterone, serum free testosterone, % free testosterone,
serum/plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),
androstendione
, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Morning blood samples collected following an overnight fast, compared to the
pertinent reference means, showed
significantly increased relative mean
levels for: serum testosterone (158%), serum free testosterone (214%), percent
free testosterone (121%), DHEA (192%), and androstenedione (173%).
By
contrast, compared to the pertinent reference mean, the relative mean level
of
FSH(
51%) was significantly decreased.
Additionally, at least one of the androgen attributes examined exceeded its
recognized laboratory age- and sex-specific reference range in 81.4% (57 of 70)
of the patients examined. With respect to their age- and sex-specific reference
ranges, females had significantly higher overall mean relative testosterone and
relative free testosterone levels than males.
Increased androgens in
patients diagnosed with ASDs
may involve cyclical interactions
between the androgen and the
transsulfuration
pathways, particularly following mercury exposure. A
review
of therapies that have significantly improved clinical outcomes
in ASD patients indicates they share commonality in helping lower
androgens.
Thus, androgens should be routinely clinically measured in
patients with an
ASDdiagnosis
and appropriate androgen-lowering
therapies considered for those who have significantly elevated levels.
*********************************************************
Iv.
There was a significant dose-response relationship between the
severity of the regressive ASDs observed and the total mercury
dose children received from Thimerosal-containing vaccines/Rho (D)-immune
globulin preparations in a group of autism patients
.
The group was
found to excrete significant amounts of mercury
after chelation challenge (10,11).
It is clear that
while
genetic factors are important to the pathogenesis of ASDs,
mercury exposure can induce immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioral
dysfunctions similar to traits defining or associated with ASDs (12). A
case series of nine patients who presented to the Genetic Centers
of America for a genetic/developmental evaluation are discussed.
Eight of nine patients (one patient was found to have an ASD due
to Rett's syndrome) (a) had regressive ASDs; (b) had elevated
levels of androgens; (c) excreted significant amounts of mercury
post chelation challenge; (d) had biochemical evidence of decreased
function in their glutathione pathways; (e) had no known significant mercury
exposure except from Thimerosal-containing vaccines/Rho(D)-immune globulin
preparations; and (f) had alternate causes for their
regressive ASDs ruled out.
There was a significant
dose-response relationship between the severity of the regressive ASDs observed and
the total mercury dose children received from Thimerosal-containing
vaccines/Rho (D)-immune globulin preparations
. Based upon differential
diagnoses, 8 of 9 patients examined were exposed to significant mercury from
Thimerosal-containing biologic/vaccine preparations during their fetal/infant
developmental periods, and subsequently, between 12 and 24
mo
of age, these previously normally developing
children suffered mercury toxic encephalopathies that manifested with
clinical symptoms consistent with regressive ASDs. Evidence for mercury
intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis as contributing
to some regressive ASDs.
(10)
A case series of children with apparent mercury
toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of
regressive autistic disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR. J
Toxicol
Environ Health A. 2007 May 15;70(10):837-51
(11) A case series of
children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting
with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic
disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR.
J
Toxicol
Environ Health A. 2007 May 15;70(10):837-51
Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
(12) Impairments in social
relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, and stereotypic abnormal
movement patterns characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The
Institutional Review Board of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses (Office for
Human Research Protections, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, IRB number IRB00005375) approved the present study.
V. Rhogam: This study
evaluated the relationship between prenatal mercury exposure from thimerosal
containing Rho(D)-immune globulins and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A
group of 53 autistic patients were compared to a group of 926 non-autistic
children. Children with
ASDswere
significantly
more likely (odds ratio 2.35, p < 0.01) to have Rh-negative mothers than
controls (13,17).
(13) A prospective study of
thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk
factor for autistic disorders. Geier DA, Geier MR.
, J
Matern
Fetal
Neonatal Med. 2007 May;20(5):385-90 The Institute of Chronic
Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: This study
evaluated the relationship between prenatal mercury exposure from thimerosal
(49.55% mercury by weight)-containing Rho(D)-immune globulins (TCRs) and
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). METHODS: The Institutional Review Board of the
Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 53
consecutive non-Jewish Caucasian patients with ASDs (Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth ed. - DSM IV) born between 1987
and 2001 who presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient
genetic/developmental evaluations were prospectively collected from June
1, 2005 through March 31, 2006. Imaging and laboratory testing were
conducted on each patient to rule out other causal factors for their ASDs.
As race-matched controls, the frequency of Rh negativity was
determined from 926 non-Jewish Caucasian pregnant women who had presented for
outpatient prenatal
genetics
care to the Genetic Centers
of America between 1980 and 1989. RESULTS: Children with
ASDs
(28.30%)
were
significantly more likely
(
odds ratio 2.35
, 95%
confidence interval 1.17-4.52, p < 0.01)
to have Rh-negative mothers
than controls
(14.36%). Each ASD patient's mother was
determined to have been administered a TCR during her pregnancy.
CONCLUSION: The results provide insights into the potential role prenatal
mercury exposure may play in some children with ASDs.
VI. Thimerosal (
Merthiolate
) is an
ethylmercury
-containing pharmaceutical compound that is 49.55% mercury and
that was developed in 1927. Thimerosal has been marketed as an antimicrobial
agent in a range of products, including topical antiseptic solutions and
antiseptic ointments for treating cuts, nasal sprays, eye solutions, vaginal spermicides,
diaper rash treatments, and perhaps most importantly as a preservative in
vaccines and other injectable biological products,
including Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations, despite evidence, dating to
the early 1930s, indicating Thimerosal to be potentially hazardous to humans
and ineffective as an antimicrobial agent. Despite this, Thimerosal was not
scrutinized as part of U.S. pharmaceutical products until the 1980s,
when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration finally recognized its demonstrated
ineffectiveness and toxicity in topical pharmaceutical
products,
and
began to eliminate it from these. Ironically, while Thimerosal
was being eliminated from topicals, it was becoming more and more
ubiquitous in the recommended immunization schedule for infants and pregnant
women. Furthermore, Thimerosal continues to be administered, as part of
mandated immunizations and other pharmaceutical products, in the United
States and globally. The ubiquitous and largely unchecked place of
Thimerosal in pharmaceuticals, therefore, represents a medical crisis (14,15,16).
The brain pathology in
autism spectrum
disorders
(ASD) indicates
marked and ongoing inflammatory reactivity with concomitant neuronal damage.
These findings are suggestive of neuronal insult
as a result
of
external factors, rather than some type of developmental mishap.
Various
xenobiotics
have
been suggested as possible causes of this pathology. In a recent review, the
top ten environmental compounds suspected of causing autism and
learning disabilities
were listed and they included: lead,
methyl-
mercury
,
polychorinated
biphenyls
,
organophosphate pesticides
,
organochlorine pesticides
,
endocrine disruptors
, automotive exhaust,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
,
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
, and
perfluorinated
compounds
. This current review, however, will focus
specifically on mercury exposure and
ASD
by conducting a
comprehensive literature search of original studies in humans that examine the
potential relationship between mercury and ASD, categorizing, summarizing, and
discussing the published research that addresses this topic. This review found
91 studies that examine the potential relationship between mercury and ASD from
1999 to February 2016. Of these studies, the vast majority (74%) suggest that
mercury is a risk factor for ASD, revealing both direct and indirect effects.
The preponderance of the evidence indicates that mercury exposure is causal
and/or contributory in ASD.
(14) A review of Thimerosal (
Merthiolate
) and its
ethylmercury
breakdown product: specific historical considerations
regarding safety and effectiveness. Geier DA, Sykes
LK, Geier MR. J
Toxicol
Environ
Health B
Crit
Rev. 2007 Dec;10(8):575-96. The Institute
of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
(15) The relationship between mercury
and autism: A comprehensive review and discussion
,
Janet K.Kern
abc
David A.Geier
ac
Lisa K.Sykes
c
Boyd E.Haley
d
Mark R.Geier
ac
;
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
Volume 37
, September
2016, Pages 8-24
(16)
As thimerosal was removed
from childhood vaccines, the number of neurodevelopmental disorders decreased
in the US
. June 2006,
& (b
Exposure
to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines was associated with an increased
risk of neurodevelopmental problems in infants from 1992-199
)
7.
Apr 2005; &(c)
Rates of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation,
infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities were higher in children exposed to
higher thimerosal levels
(17) Neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal
Rh-negativity, and Rho(D) immune globulins: a multi-center assessment.
Geier DA, et al. Neuro
Endocrinol Lett. 2008.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many formulations of
Thimerosal (49.55% mercury by weight)-containing Rho(D) immune globulins (TCRs)
were routinely administered to Rh-negative mothers in the US prior to 2002.
OBJECTIVES: It was hypothesized: (1) if
prenatal Rho(D)-immune globulin preparation exposure was a risk factor for
neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) then more children with NDs would have
Rh-negative mothers compared to controls; and (2) if Thimerosal in the
Rho(D)-immune globulin preparations was the ingredient associated with NDs,
following the removal of Thimerosal from all manufactured Rho(D)-immune
globulin preparations from 2002 in the US the frequency of maternal
Rh-negativity among children with NDs should be similar to control populations.
METHODS: Maternal Rh-negativity was
assessed at two sites (Clinic A-Lynchburg, VA; Clinic B-Rockville and
Baltimore, MD) among 298 Caucasian children with NDs and known Rh-status. As
controls, maternal Rh-negativity frequency was determined from 124 Caucasian
children (born 1987-2001) without NDs at Clinic A, and the Rh-negativity
frequency was determined from 1,021 Caucasian pregnant mothers that presented
for prenatal genetic care at Clinic B (1980-1989). Additionally, 22 Caucasian
patients with NDs born from 2002 onwards (Clinics A and B) were assessed for
maternal
Rh-negativity
.
RESULTS: There were significant and
comparable increases in maternal Rh-negativity among children with NDs (Clinic:
A=24.2%), autism spectrum disorders (Clinic: A=28.3%, B=25.3%), and
attention-deficit-disorder/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (Clinic:
A=26.3%) observed at both clinics in comparison to both control groups (Clinic:
A=12.1%, B=13.9%) employed. Children with NDs born post-2001 had a maternal
Rh-negativity frequency (13.6%) similar to controls.
CONCLUSION: This study associates TCR
exposure with some NDs in children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18404135/
#Rhogam
#Autism
#ADD
#Thimerosal
#Mercury
#Neurodevelopmental
#Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
***************************************
VII. Neurological disorders
caused by TC Vax
exposures
Two groups of children were
compared using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for
neurodevelopment disorders (NDs), one receiving thimerosal containing vaccines
(TCV) and the other similar non-thimerosal containing
vaccines. Significantly increased risks of autism, speech disorders,
mental retardation, personality disorders, thinking abnormalities, ataxia,
and NDs were associated with TCV
exposure(
)
A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders
following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United
States. Geier DA, Geier MR.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006 Aug;27(4):401-13
The Institute for Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver
Spring, MD 20905, USA. mgeier@comcast.net
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is an
ethylmercury
-containing compound (49.6% mercury by weight) used as at the
preservative level in vaccines (0.005% to 0.01%). METHODS: Statistical modeling
in a meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of the Vaccine Adverse Event
Reporting System (VAERS) for neurodevelopment disorders (NDs) reported
following Diphtheria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis(DTP) vaccines in
comparison to
Diphtheria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis-Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
(DTPH) vaccines administered: 1994-1997 and following Thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP), in comparison to
Thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines (administered: 1997-2000), was
undertaken. RESULTS:
Significantly increased
adjusted (sex,
age, vaccine type, vaccine manufacturer)
risks of autism, speech
disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, thinking abnormalities,
ataxia, and NDs in general, with minimal systematic error or
confounding, were associated with TCV
exposure.
CONCLUSION
: It is clear from the results of the present
epidemiological study and other recently published data associating mercury
exposure with childhood NDs, additional ND research should be undertaken
in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures, especially from Thimerosal-containing
vaccines.
In the United States
during the 1990s, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and
Haemophilus
influenzae type
b (Hib) vaccines (maximally, 50 mug mercury per joint administration) and
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-
Haemophilus
influenzae type
b (DTPH) vaccines (25 mug mercury per administration) were given to children in
the same childhood vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18
mo
, so that
children receiving DTP and
Hibvaccines
may
have maximally received an additional 100 mug more mercury exposure
from TCVs than children administered DTPH vaccines. A case-control
epidemiological study of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported
to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access
version; updated 31 August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines
in comparison DTPH vaccines manufactured by
Lederle
Laboratories
from 1994 through 1998 was undertaken. Significantly increased odds ratios for
autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking
abnormalities reported to VAERS were found following DTP vaccines in comparison
to DTPH vaccines
An evaluation of the effects of thimerosal
on neurodevelopmental disorders reported following DTP
and Hib vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccine in the United
States. Geier DA, Geier MR. J
Toxicol
Environ Health A. 2006 Aug;69(15):1481-95.
An evaluation of the effects of thimerosal
on neurodevelopmental disorders reported following DTP
and Hib vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccine in the United
States.
Geier DA
,
Geier MR
. J
Toxicol
Environ Health A. 2006 Aug;69(15):1481-95
The Genetic Centers of America, Silver
Spring, Maryland 20905, USA. mgeier@comcast.net
Thimerosal is an
ethylmercury
(49.55% mercury by weight) preservative historically added
to some vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies showed children in
the United States received doses of mercury from
Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in excess of safety guidelines. In the
United States during the 1990s, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)
and
Haemophilus
influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines
(maximally, 50 mug mercury per joint administration) and
diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-
Haemophilus
influenzae type b (DTPH) vaccines (25
mug mercury per administration) were given to children in the same childhood
vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18
mo
, so that
children
receiving DTP and Hib vaccines may have maximally received an
additional 100 mug more mercury exposure from TCVs than children
administered DTPH vaccines
. A case-control epidemiological study
of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse
Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access version; updated 31
August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines in comparison DTPH vaccines
manufactured by
Lederle
Laboratories (Pearl River, NY) from
1994 through 1998 was undertaken
. Significantly increased odds ratios for
autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking
abnormalities reported to VAERS were found following DTP vaccines in comparison
to DTPH vaccines
with minimal bias or systematic error. Additional ND
research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated
exposures, especially since in 2005
the Institute of Medicine issued a report calling into
question handling of vaccine safety data by the National Immunization Program
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A two phased
population-based epidemiological study was undertaken. Phase one evaluated
reported NDs to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
following thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines administered from 1997 through 2001.
Phase two evaluated the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for
cumulative exposures to mercury from TCVs at 1-, 2-, 3-, and
6-months-of-age for infants born from 1992 through 1997 and the eventual risk
of developing NDs. RESULTS: Phase one showed significantly increased risks
for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, and
thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS following
thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines. Phase two showed significant
associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the following types
of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit disorder
(ADD), language delay, speech delay, and neurodevelopmental delays in
general.
A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of
thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis. Geier DA,
GeierMR
. Med Sci
Monit
. 2005
Apr;11(4):CR160-70.
Epub
2005 Mar 24
A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of
thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis.
Geier DA
,
Geier MR
. Med Sci
Monit
. 2005 Apr;11(4):CR160-70.
Epub
2005 Mar 24.
MedCon
,
Inc., USA.
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is an
ethylmercury
-containing preservative in
vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies have shown children received doses of
mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) that were in excess of
safety guidelines. Previously, an ecological study showing a significant
association between TCVs and neurodevelopmental disorders
(NDs) in the US was published in this journal. MATERIAL/METHODS: A
two phased population-based epidemiological study was undertaken. Phase one
evaluated reported NDs to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS) following thimerosal-containing
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines administered from 1997 through 2001.
Phase two evaluated the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for
cumulative exposures to mercury from TCVs at 1-, 2-, 3-, and
6-months-of-age for infants born from 1992 through 1997 and the eventual risk
of developing NDs. RESULTS: Phase one showed
significantly
increased risks for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality
disorders, and thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS following
thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccines in comparison to
thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines
. Phase two showed significant
associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the following types
of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit disorder
(ADD), language delay, speech delay, and neurodevelopmental delays in
general. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that exposure to mercury
from TCVs administered in the US was a consistent
significant risk factor for the development of NDs. It is clear from these
data and other recent publications linking TCVs with NDs that
additional ND research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating
mercury-associated exposures and thimerosal-free vaccines should be made
available.
*****************************************
Relative to the control children, the children with autism
had significantly lower baseline plasma concentrations
of methionine,
SAM, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, and
total glutathione
and significantly higher concentrations of SAH,
adenosine,
and oxidized glutathione. This metabolic profile is
consistent with
impaired capacity for methylation (significantly
lower ratio of SAM
to SAH) and increased oxidative stress (significantly
lower redox
ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione) in
children with
autism. The intervention trial was effective in normalizing the
metabolic imbalance in the autistic children.
Metabolic biomarkers of
increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in
children with
autism
S
Jill
James, Paul Cutler,
StepanMelnyk
, Stefanie Jernigan, Laurette
Janak
, David W
Gaylor
, and James A
Neubrander
. Am
J
Clin
Nutr
2004;80:1611
�7.
Metabolic biomarkers of
increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in
children with autism
1,
2
S
Jill
James, Paul Cutler,
Stepan
Melnyk, Stefanie Jernigan, Laurette
Janak
, David W
Gaylor
, and James A
Neubrander
. Am
J
ClinNutr
2004;80:1611
�7.
http://www.icdrc.org/pdf/MetabolicbiomarkersinAutisticChildren.pdf
ABSTRACT
Background:
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder
that usually presents in early childhood and that is thought to be influenced
by genetic and environmental factors. Although abnormal metabolism
of methionine and homocysteine has been associated with
other neurologic diseases, these pathways have not been evaluated in
persons with autism.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma
concentrations of metabolites in
the methionine transmethylation and
transsulfuration
pathways
in children diagnosed with autism.
Design:
Plasma concentrations of methionine,
S
-adenosylmethionine (SAM),
S
-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH),
adenosine, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, and oxidized
and reduced glutathione were
measured in 20
children with autism and in 33 control children. On the basis of the abnormal
metabolic profile, a targeted nutritional intervention trial with
folinic
acid, betaine, and
methylcobalamin
was initiated
in a subset of the
autistic children.
Results:
Relative to the control children, the children with
autism had significantly lower baseline plasma concentrations
of methionine, SAM, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine,
and total glutathione
and significantly
higher concentrations of SAH, adenosine, and oxidized glutathione. This
metabolic profile is consistent with impaired capacity
for methylation (significantly lower ratio
ofSAMto
SAH)
and increased oxidative stress (significantly lower redox ratio of
reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione) in children with
autism. The intervention
trial was effective in normalizing the metabolic imbalance in the autistic
children.
Conclusions:
An increased vulnerability to oxidative stress
and a decreased capacity for methylation may contribute to the
development and clinical manifestation of autism.
AmJ
Clin Nutr
2004; 80:1611
�7.
*************************************
(put in
suscept
and
kidshg
)
Neurotoxic effects of
postnatal thimerosal are mouse strain dependent. M Hornig,
D
Chian
and W I Lipkin
,
Molecular
Psychiatry (2004) 9, 833�845.
These findings
demonstrated genetic influences on susceptibility to thimerosal effects and
that immune reactivity to thimerosal results in significant neurological
effects when exposed.
Molecular Psychiatry
(2004)
9,
833�845. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001529
Published online 8 June 2004
Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse
strain dependent
M Hornig
1
, D Chian
1
and W I Lipkin
1
,
2
Abstract
The
developing brain is uniquely susceptible to the neurotoxic hazard posed
by
mercurials
. Host differences in maturation,
metabolism, nutrition, sex, and autoimmunity influence outcomes. How
population-based variability affects the safety of the
ethylmercury
-containing
vaccine preservative, thimerosal, is unknown. Reported increases in the
prevalence of autism, a highly heritable neuropsychiatric condition, are
intensifying public focus on environmental exposures such as thimerosal. Immune
profiles and family history in autism are frequently consistent with
autoimmunity. We hypothesized that autoimmune propensity influences outcomes in
mice following thimerosal challenges that mimic routine childhood
immunizations. Autoimmune
disease-sensitive
SJL/J mice
showed growth delay; reduced locomotion; exaggerated response to novelty; and
densely packed, hyperchromic hippocampal neurons with altered glutamate
receptors and transporters. Strains resistant to autoimmunity, C57BL/6J and
BALB/
cJ
, were not susceptible. These findings
implicate genetic influences and provide a model for investigating
thimerosal-related neurotoxicity.
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
Oxidative stress in autism,
Abha
Chauhan and
Ved
Chauhan
a
,
Pathophysiology, Volume
13,
Issue 3, August 2006, Pages 171-181 x
Oxidative stress in
autism, Abha Chauhan
, a,
and Ved
Chauhan
a
,
Pathophysiology Volume
13, Issue 3, August 2006, Pages 171-181
Abstract
Acute
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following DTP Vaccination: Report of a Fatal Case
and Review of the Literature #Anemia #Death #Autoimmunity #DTP #AIHA #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000992280104000610?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid
:
crossref.org
&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed
� Acute fulminant myocarditis after diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccination.
�We report an infant case of acute fulminant myocarditis which occurred after
administration of a diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccination. [�]
🛑
Estimating the extent of vaccine-derived poliovirus
infection. �Eight outbreaks of paralytic polio attributable to circulating
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cVDPV
) have highlighted
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vaccination coverage and poor hygiene.� �Although only
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eight
cVDPV
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reactivation as a sign of
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