The Metabolic Effects of Mercury Exposure and Treatments that Alleviate such Conditions
DAMS Intl. 1079 Summit Ave St Paul MN
55105 www.flcv.com/dams.html
Dental
amalgam has been documented by medical lab tests and Government agencies to be
the largest source of mercury in
most people who have several amalgam fillings. Bacteria in the mouth and
intestines and other methyl donors methylate mercury to methyl mercury, so
amalgam fillings are also the largest source of methyl mercury in many people(60). Some people also get significant mercury
exposures from fish or vaccinations, and in a large survey testing people’s
mercury level it was found that over 22% tested had dangerous levels of
mercury, with over 30 % in some states such as Florida and New York (543b). A large U.S. Centers for Disease
Control epidemiological study, NHANES III, found that those with more amalgam
fillings(more mercury exposure) have significantly higher levels of chronic
health conditions(543a). A 2009 study found that
inorganic mercury levels in people have been increasing rapidly in recent years(543b). It used data from the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention’s National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
finding that while inorganic mercury was detected in the blood of 2 percent of
women aged 18 to 49 in the 1999-2000 NHANES survey, that
level rose to 30 percent of women by 2005-2006.
Mercury causes significant destruction of stomach and intestine epithelial cells, resulting in damage to stomach lining, and adversely alters bacterial populations in the intestines causing leaky gut syndrome with toxic, incompletely digested complexes in the blood(222,223,228b,303,35) and accumulation of heliobacter pylori, a suspected major factor in stomach ulcers and stomach cancer(256) and candida albicans, as well as poor nutrient absorption. Mercury has also been found to cause ulcerative colitis(406). Mercury’s ability to bind to SH hydroxyl radical in cell membranes alters cell permeability(338,405,252b,35,21c) which further adds to essential mineral deficiencies and imbalances. Forming strong bonds with and modification of the-SH groups of proteins causes reactive oxygen species(free radicals) and mitochondrial release of calcium (1,21,35,38,43,329,333,432), as well as altering molecular function of amino acids and damaging enzymatic processes (33,96,111,194,252,303,338,405,410-412) resulting in improper cysteine regulation(194), inhibited glucose transfer and uptake(338,254), damaged sulfur oxidation processes(33,194,338), and reduced glutathione availability (necessary for detoxification)(13,126,54). Several other toxic metals have similar effects, as well as synergistically causing more serious effects in conjunction with mercury.
Mercury from amalgam binds to the -SH (sulfhydryl) groups, resulting in inactivation of sulfur and blocking of enzyme functions such as cysteine dioxygenase(CDO), gamma‑ glutamyltraspeptidase(GGC) and sulfite oxidase, producing sulfur metabolites with extreme toxicity that the body is unable to properly detoxify(33,111,114,194,258,405), along with a deficiency in sulfates and other metabolites required for many body functions. Sulfur is essential in enzymes, hormones, nerve tissue, and red blood cells. These exist in almost every enzymatic process in the body. Blocked or inhibited sulfur oxidation at the cellular level has been found in most with many of the chronic degenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, ALS, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, MCS, autism, etc(330,331,464,514, 33,35,56, 194), and appears to be a major factor in these conditions. Mercury also blocks the metabolic action of manganese and the entry of calcium ions into cytoplasm(333). Mercury affects the free selenium levels(390) and superoxide dimustase function(13a,443) Mercury reduces the bloods ability to transport oxygen to organs or the fetus and the transport of essential nutrients including amino acids, glucose, magnesium, zinc and Vit B12 (43,96,198,260d,264,338,339,347,427); depresses enzyme isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) in fetus, causes reduced iodine uptake & hypothyroidism (50,91,212,222,369,382,303,390,459,35ab), and increased homocysteine levels(75). Mercury from amalgam thus has the potential to disturb all metabolic processes(25,21,33, 35,56,60,111, 180,194,303). Mercury is transported throughout the body in blood and can affect cells in the body and organs in different ways.
Mercury blocks the immune function of
magnesium and zinc (198,427,43,38), whose
deficiencies are known to cause significant neurological effects(461,463).
The low Zn levels result in deficient CuZnSuperoxide dismustase (CuZnSOD),
which in turn leads to increased levels of superoxide due to toxic metal
exposure. This is in addition to
mercury’s effect on metallothionein and copper homeostasis as previously discussed(477).
Copper is an essential trace metal which plays a fundamental role in the
biochemistry of the nervous system(489,495,464). Several chronic neurological conditions
involving copper metabolic disorders are well documented like Wilson’s Disease and Menkes Disease. Mutations in the copper/zinc enzyme
superoxide dismustase(SOD) have been shown to be a major factor in the motor
neuron degeneration in conditions like familial ALS and similar effects on
Cu/Zn SOD to be a factor in other conditions such as autism, Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s, and non-familial ALS(489,495,464,111). This condition can result in zinc deficient
SOD and oxidative damage involving nitric
oxide, peroxynitrite, and lipid peroxidation(495,496,489,524), which have been
found to affect glutamate mediated excitability and apoptosis of nerve cells
and effects on mitochondria (495,496,524,119) These effects can be reduced by
zinc supplementation(464,495), as well as supplementation with antioxidants and
nitric oxide-suppressing agents and peroxynitrite scavengers such as Vit C, Vit
E, lipoic acid, Coenzyme Q10, carnosine, gingko biloba, N-acetylcysteine,
etc.(444,464,494,495,469,521,524). Some of the antioxidants were also found to
have protective effects through increasing catalase and SOD action, while
reducing lipid peroxidations(494a). Ceruloplasmin in plasma can be similarly affected by copper
metabolism disfunction, like SOD function, and is often a factor in
neurodegeneration(489).
Mercury causes interruption of the cytochromeC oxidase system/ATP energy function (43,84,232,338c,35) and blocks enzymes needed to convert porphyrins to adenosine tri phosphate(ATP), the body’s basic energy source, causing progressive porphyrinuria, resulting in low energy, digestive problems, and porphyrins in urine (34,35,69,70,73,210,212,226,232,258,260). Also mercury binding with cell membranes interfers with sodium and potassium enzyme functions, causing excess membrane permeability, especially in terms of the blood-brain barrier (155,207,311). Less than 1ppm mercury in the blood stream can impair the blood- brain barrier. The essential mineral deficiencies and imbalances have been found to be a major factor in Epilepsy, ADHD, depression, and other chronic conditions, and correcting mineral imbalances has been found to cause significant improvement in many such chronic conditions caused by mercury toxicity (444,464,494,560,56a,etc.).
Mercury inactivates or inhibits enzyme or coenzyme systems or hormones involving the sulfhydryl protein (SH)groups(181,226,338,405,424,442), along with OH, NH2, and Cl groups in proteins. HgCl2 also inhibits aquaporin‑mediated water transport in red blood cells(479) as well as oxygen transport by hemoglobin(232). Thus some of the main mechanisms of toxic effects of metals include cytotoxicity; changes in cellular membrane permeability; inhibition of enzymes, coenzymes, and hormones; and generation of lipid peroxides or free radicals- which result in neurotoxicity, immuno toxicity, impaired cellular respiration, gastrointestinal/metabolic effects, hormonal effects, and immune reactivity or autoimmunity.
The alteration of intestinal bacterial populations necessary for proper digestion along with other damage and membrane permeability effects of mercury are major factors in creating “leaky gut” conditions with poor digestion and absorption of nutrients and toxic incompletely digested compounds in the bloodstream(338,21c,222,223,228b35,etc.). Some of the gastrointestional problems caused by mercury include poor mineral absorption, diarrhea, stomatis, bloating, wasting disease, food allergies, leaky gut syndrome,etc.(21c,223,303,338,35, etc.)
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